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Our Dual Role as Exegetes and Theologians

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Preachers function in the dual role as exegetes and theologians.

Recently, I gained the privilege of teaching a Ph.D. class this fall for Lancaster Bible College | Capital Seminary & Graduate School. The course is BIB 909 Old Testament Hermeneutics and Theology.

One of the many stages of preparing to teach includes selecting major textbooks. One of my choices is Bruce Waltke’s, An Old Testament Theology: an exegetical, canonical, and thematic approach.

[If you plan on preaching from the OT, then this is an excellent resource to have on your shelf. I can’t say enough about the quality of Waltke’s scholarship. Despite being only 100 pages into the book, I am glad I purchased it!]

Near the end of chapter 3, The Method of Biblical Theology (Part 1), section 3 is, “Abstract Themes, Ideas, and Messages.” The last paragraph reads,

“After the exegete has interpreted the text and mined its message, the theologian through critical reflection interprets that message from its old horizon to the new horizons of the canon and then of both to the contemporary church. In other words, the theologian builds his or her interpretation that unites the ancient message with the contemporary world after the exegete has done his or her interpretive work….In this way godly theologians inform the conscience of the church.” (p. 92)

Notice, pastors have a dual role as exegete and theologian for the faith-families they serve.

It is true, then, that interpretation doesn’t end with our exegesis. It extends to our ability to locate the message that functions for the church.

You’ve stopped short of that dual role if you cannot articulate what God intends for your preaching portion to do to the church, to your listeners (“the contemporary world”).

Remember, the meaning of your text for this coming Sunday should combine content (exegesis) + intent (theological interpretation). When meaning combines content and intent, you are functioning in your dual role as exegete and theologian.

And our Lord will continue to receive glory in the church and in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 3:21).

Randal

P.S. Waltke basis this understanding of our roles on the nature of the Bible. He writes, “The Bible is more than concepts about God….It is God’s address to his people and his encounter with them. His ‘ideas’ and ‘principles’ are true and call for a personal response to obey and participate in the truth, the divine reality.” (p. 91).

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Preaching the Implications of Scripture: You Can Always Ask “Why?”

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Sometimes “meaning” can mean “implication.”

This past Sunday, I had the privilege of preaching on Colossians 1:28–2:8 for our summer series, Hard-Working Faith. The Apostle Paul writes about the extreme effort he put into his preaching and teaching.

Colossians 1:29 reads, “For this I toil [the act of preaching Christ by warning and teaching as described in v. 28], struggling with all his energy that he powerfully works within me.”

One of the many things we preachers and teachers do is provide the meaning of a text. It is always important for us to make sure we know what we mean by “meaning.” This is one of my favorite subjects to explore with my students.

Sometimes, when we say a text or portion of a text “means something,” we’re talking about the realm known as implication.

In the case of my preaching portion in Colossians 1:28–2:8, one strong implication is that preaching Christ in a pastoral or soul-watching context requires tremendous energy and effort.

So, there is great value in making sure we move meaning to the level of this implication. One question you can ask the text and then your listener/learners is: Why is preaching Christ in church so difficult? Or, you might ask, “What is it about the nature of preaching Christ that requires such effort?”

In this case, our text does provide at least a partial answer in vv. 4 and 8. Preaching Christ in the context of being a soul-watcher requires great effort because of the threat that false teaching poses to our congregants.

There are times when your selected preaching portion does not answer such a question as we raised above. In those cases, you must look to other Scripture to provide the answer(s) so that you can present the strong implicational meaning.

You will find that your theological depth will increase as you practice identifying implicational meaning and, of course, our Lord’s reputation will increase in the church and world in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 3:21),

Randal

P.S. If you want to explore implicational meaning further, search for a Bib Sac article written by Ramesh Richards.

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Moving From Stated Reality to Application: What I’m Learning From Reading Jonathan Edwards’s Early Sermons

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Edwards never let his listeners forget the goal of the sermon!

One of the things I’ve benefited from by reading Edwards’s early sermons is his emphasis on application. If you read his sermons you’ll see a balanced presentation of deep theology and practical exhortation.

In his sermon, The Way of Holiness, on Isaiah 35:8 (“And an highway shall be there, and a way, and it shall be called the way of holiness; the unclean shall not pass over it.”), Edwards concludes with an application section containing three elements. Here are the first two:

  1. By inference, Edwards reasons, “how many poor creatures are there that think they are in the way to heaven who are not?” (p. 476). I will never forget hearing veteran pastor, Chuck Swindoll, announce that the longer he pastored his church, the more he felt that less of his parishioners were saved.
  2. If this verse is true, then it is critical that his listeners “examine [them]selves by this doctrine to see whereabouts [they] are, and see whether or no [they] are in the way to heaven…” (p. 477). Under this point, Edwards exhorted: “Meditate on the holiness of God, and see if you cannot see a conformity, a likeness in your mind….It is not supposed that ever any copy comes near to this original, nor ever will; but yet they may perceive whether the same spirit, the same temper and disposition, in a lesser degree be in them, that was manifested by the life and conversation of Jesus Christ.” (p. 477)

Notice that Isaiah only presents stated reality. Edwards teaches by example that our job is to move from stated reality to the application inferred by that reality.

If you read this before tomorrow (Sunday), or early next week, see if your Scripture contains a stated reality that requires the same hermeneutical/homiletical move as Edwards.

And our Lord will receive glory in the church and in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 3:21),

Randal

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“Beyond Words to the Heart”: Guest Post by Dr. Ron Gannett

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A few weeks ago, I had the privilege of meeting up with Dr. Ron Gannett. I met him back in the early 90’s when I was pastoring in New Brunswick, Canada. Ron was our keynote speaker for a special conference. Back then he was the Senior Pastor of Park Bible Church in Burlington, ON, Canada. As I young pastor, I remember learning so much from him. So, I was delighted when he contacted me about being in the area (we’re both DTS alumni).

I asked Ron if he would write a guest post for me and here it is. Enjoy!

“Beyond Words to the Heart

I recently attended a funeral where most of the family members, as expected, read their prepared memories about their lost loved one. But, when the pastor did the same by reading his sermon from a manuscript, it communicated to us that it was more about what he was saying than what we were feeling or needing at that moment. As he missed this strategic opportunity to speak from the heart, it reminded me that it is not about what I am saying, but what they are hearing.

Of course, manuscripts are helpful, and I often use bullet points written in my Bible to keep me focused. The issue I am addressing is whether we are too concerned about our presentation at the expense of the listener. Am I trying to give them the whole wheelbarrow of information I learned or equipping them to respond to God’s Word?

When I first started teaching at a Bible College just out of seminary, my dean required that I write my course objectives around three simple directives: what do I want my students to know, feel and do after taking this course. That stretching exercise has shaped my teaching and preaching to this day. It structured the course around the student’s needs, not me.

I have discovered through the years that these three objectives add fulness to the sermon. Sadly, content alone may glorify the preacher or make the listener feel inadequate. But truth that is clear and memorable, encouraging and motives the heart and provides tools and resources for the listener to practice will help produce the spiritual formation we crave for our people.

If you think about it, all three are essential since the emphasis on one without the others will only lead to unhealthy spirituality. So, lets proclaim the glory and grace of God to help hearts know, love and follow Him.”

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What I Am Learning About the Status of Expository Preaching from International Students

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Such a privilege to spend time in God’s Word with these colleagues

from all over the world!

I have enjoyed the privilege of teaching students from all over the world in Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary’s Doctor of Ministry program. One of the great things about being with them is to hear their perspective on the status of preaching.

This morning, a student from Jakarta, Indonesia said to us that some pastors tell him that he should not preach expository sermons from the Bible. Instead, the people will listen better if he tells stories from his own experience.

I knew such attitudes existed, but had never heard it put quite so clearly!

The other thing I hear over and over again is that preachers will often announce their Scripture for the morning, but then preach a sermon that is different from that Scripture.

What we talked about is how sad it is that, in the first example, the listeners rule the method of preaching. In the second example, listeners don’t see anything wrong with a sermon not being anchored in the Biblical text.

And, if you’re quickly judging those pastors and listeners, please remember that the steady diet in American preaching is still topical preaching. The reason is because that’s what listeners are interested in (some interesting topic). And preachers know they need to have a relevant word on Sunday.

Anyway, I’m always so grateful to the Lord to spend time with students at this level talking about the power of the Gospel to change lives and how expository preaching fits into that equation.

May our Lord receive glory in the church and in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 3:21) as you unleash the power of the Gospel in your unique preaching and teaching setting.

Randal

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Exposition that Doesn’t Follow the Structure of Scripture, but for Good Reason

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Let’s Not Make Communicating God’s Word
Any Harder by our Sermon Structure.

This past Saturday I had the privilege of co-leading a four-hour workshop on the campus of Lancaster Bible College | Capital Seminary & Graduate School, Unpacking Sacred Scripture. Our task was to help unpack Psalm 1 and 2, the formal introduction to the Psalter.

I suggested we follow the structure of Psalm 1 and 2. The flow of thought is easy to follow. Here’s what I mean in Psalm 1:

1:1-3 describe the blessed person.

1:4-5 describe the wicked person.

1:6 explains why this is reality.

This past Sunday I had the privilege of preaching Psalm 86. I chose not to follow the structure of the Psalm. Psalm 86 is filled with at least 15 requests to God, with virtually each request followed by reasons why we pray like that.

For instance, 86:1a is “Incline your ear…and answer me…” and 86:1b explains, “for I am poor and needy.”

This same flow of thought continues throughout much of the Psalm.

So, as I often do, I decided to make the first major movement of the sermon devoted to the requests. The second movement dealt with all the reasons why, such as 86:1b above.

In this way, I kept the communication from bouncing back and forth between request and reason. I could spend several minutes of the message focused on the requests and their contribution to theology and the faith-journey. Then, in the second major point, I grouped the reasons why together.

My goal in straying from the structure was to make communication lines a little clearer. It is risky. I made a judgment call that breaking the structure didn’t break the theology of the passage. I preserved the theology by making sure we all knew that the Psalm presented requests with their reasons (keeping the structure intact in our minds).

Before Sunday see if there may be a need to group similar ideas together in a point, even if the text scatters them throughout the preaching portion.

May our Lord receive glory in the church and in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 3:21) as we work hard at clear communication.

Randal

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Help from Jonathan Edwards for Preaching on Sin: What I’m Learning from Reading Edwards’s Early Sermons

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Edwards sure thought a lot about sin!

In his sermon, Way of Holiness, Jonathan Edwards lists “reasons why none that are not holy can be in the way to heaven, and why those who never are so can never obtain the happiness thereof.” (p. 474, Kimnach)

Edwards’s fourth reason taught me much about the nature of sin and its affect on all of us. Take a moment and check this against your own understanding of sin and how you normally explain it to your congregants. If you’re like me, you will say something like, “Wow! My definition is a bit light!”

“The nature of sin necessarily implies misery. That soul that remains sinful must of a necessity of nature remain miserable, for it is impossible there should be any happiness where such a hateful thing as sin reigns and bears rule. Sin is the most cruel tyrant that ever ruled, seeks nothing but the misery of his subjects….Sin is a woeful confusion and dreadful disorder in the soul, whereby everything is put out of place…” (pp. 475-476, Kimnach)

The last part is extremely insightful. Unlike anything I’ve read in theologies.

This kind of analysis helps me whenever I try to communicate the meaning of sin. My definition or understanding of sin isn’t as robust as Edwards’s. What I’m learning from Edwards’s preaching is that he is working so hard to convince his listeners that they should avoid sin at all cost.

If your preaching portion for this coming Sunday contains explicit or implicit references to sin, maybe Edwards’s keen understanding may help you help your congregants. I know, as we do this our Lord will receive glory in the church and in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 3:21).

Randal

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How Do You Know What A Preaching Portion Means?

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Adding a Meaning Element from Speech Act Theory

Yesterday I had the privilege of joining Dr. Mark Meyer, Hebrew specialist at LBC|Capital, at their D.C. location (Greenbelt, MD) for a workshop, Unpacking Sacred Scripture. We worked together in Psalms 1 and 2, the introduction to the Psalter, to show the combined exegetical and homiletical process. Our goal was to help close the gap between finding meaning and application.

One of my responsibilities was to introduce the participants to a new kind of meaning summary. You can see that in this slide:

Consider this kind of meaning to be your goal as you begin sermon or lesson preparation this week.

I call our target meaning, illocutionary intent-infused meaning (II-M). I’ll spare you the boring details and only say that this fancy language originates from Speech Act Theory and their concept of illocution. Illocution describes what a person is doing by what they are saying.

My favorite illustration of the illocutionary element of communication is my wife, Michele, saying, “Ran, the dog needs to go out.” If I respond with, “That’s nice, Dear,” and go back to my very important job of writing a blog post, then I missed what she meant. In saying, “The dog needs to go out,” she’s really asking me to take the dog out. That’s what she was doing in what she was saying.

As you can see from the slide, II-M is the combination of biblical content and biblical intent. The intent part is critical because this contains the seeds of valid application derived from the meaning of the text.

So, before Sunday, see if you can detect your pericope’s intent. Answer this question from your text:

What does God intend for this Scripture to do to the listener?

If you can add intention to your meaning summaries, you will always keep primary application tied directly to meaning. And, I am suggesting that we really do not know what a Scripture means until we have identified how God intends for it to function for the church.

So, as you begin to identify the meaning of your upcoming Text, complete the meaning summary by adding: “____________ with the intent of_________”

May our Lord receive glory in the church and in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 3:21) as we communicate both content and intent.

Randal

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Following Jonathan Edwards’s Practice of Preaching the “grandeur of God”

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“…exalting, extolling, and magnifying the God of heaven”
Carrick on Edwards

I continue to owe Jonathan Edwards and those who write about him a tremendous debt. If you have been reading my posts you know how much I enjoy reading Edwards’s sermons. He’s made me a better preacher by making me a better theologian.

One way Edwards helps me be a better theologian/preacher is by showing me the importance of making God look good. And one of those writers-about-Edwards is John Carrick. In his book, The Preaching of Jonathan Edwards, he has a chapter, God-Centredness. Carrick states,

“Kimnach correctly identifies ‘the grandeur of God’ as ‘a favorite theme’ of the Northampton preacher; but what contributes to this…is Edwards’ striking use of adjectives–indeed, his unashamed use of superlatives–as he seeks to portray, via the limitations of language, the glory of that great Being who is ultimately incomprehensible and indescribable.” (pp. 26-27)

It is what Edwards knows about humankind that makes him bent on glorifying God through literary flourishes. Carrick writes,

“One of the most striking features of Edwards’ preaching is that it constitutes a deliberate and powerful counter blast to the inveterate tendency in man to belittle and degrade the great God of heaven. ‘The thing at bottom is’, observes Edwards in ‘The Justice of God’, ‘that men have low thoughts of God, and high thoughts of themselves…'” (p. 31).

Or, in his, “Men Naturally God’s Enemies,” Edwards wrote, “‘…you have at least had a low and contemptible estimation of God; and that, in your esteem, you set the trifles and vanities of this world far above him.'” (p. 32)

Some texts make it fairly easy to exalt God. Like, for instance, my Psalm 82 for this coming Sunday, Lord willing. It begins,

“God has taken his place in the divine council; in the midst of the gods he holds judgment;”

Yes, our God is the Supreme ruler among the gods!

How does your preaching portion for this Sunday lend itself to making God look good?

Use all the adjectives and superlatives you can to communicate His grandeur. Even though our language and skill are deficient, God will receive glory in the church and in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 3:21) as we fight against the human tendency to have “a low and contemptible estimation of God.”

Randal

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Applicational Angles for Holy Week Sermons

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Over the past few weeks I have been thinking about how to approach preaching this coming Resurrection Sunday.

The applicational angles are limited to the degree that Scripture provides the raw theological material. For instance, the Gospels record the fact of the resurrection, but if I am not mistake, do not provide any theological commentary.

So, what are some angles we can pursue in preparing to preach and teach on the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ?

  1. You can spend some time proving that Jesus was raised from the dead. There were, for instance, people who saw the resurrected Lord. This provides an apologetic or defense of the resurrection.
  2. Because of the possibility–do the unchurched still attend Easter morning?–you will want to urge faith in the resurrection of Jesus Christ. We want our listeners to place their faith in this critical element of the Gospel.
  3. Finally, you may want to preach and teach on the implications of the resurrection. My own readings of Scripture tell me that this is the angle that is found most often, especially in the NT epistles.

This final angle is where I am planning to address Easter morning from Ephesians 1:15-23, especially the resurrection part of Paul’s prayer.

Your own message may have another angle. The important thing is that we continue to exegete at the level of what resurrection preaching portions are designed to do to the church.

And may our Lord receive glory in the church and in Christ Jesus (Ephesians 3:21) as we faithfully proclaim the Gospel to those who have been resurrected with Christ for new life.

Randal